The complexity of plantinsect interactions and the applied. Hostplant resistance is the most desirable and economic strategy in the management of bph. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Mechanisms of antixenosis, antibiosis, and tolerance of fourteen soybean genotypes in response to whiteflies bemisia tabaci. Antixenosis resistance affects the behavior of an insect pest and usually is expressed as nonpreference of the insect for a resistant plant compared with a susceptible plant. Host plant characters responsible for nonpreference of the insects for shelter, oviposition, feeding, etc. This approach resulted in a successful reduction in leafhopper injury to soybeans 40 years ago. Tolerance is resistance in which a plant is able to withstand or recover from damage caused by insect pest abundance equal to that damaging a plant without resistance characters susceptible. Host plant resistance definition types and mechanisms ecological and genetic resistance host plant resistance hpr definition those characters that enable a plant to avoid, tolerate or recover from attacks of insects under conditions that would cause greater injury to other plants of the same.
The term antixenosis was suggested to replace nonpreference by kogan and ortman 1978. To evaluate antixenosis, 10 common bean cultivars were tested for d. Antibiotics in the swine industry free download as powerpoint presentation. Pdf leaf epicuticular wax as a factor of antixenotic resistance of. Virus infectivity is defined as the capacity of viruses to enter the host cell and exploit its resources to replicate and produce progeny infectious viral particles rodriguez et al.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The qtl analysis revealed six and four novel antixenosisresistance qtls in. Mekanisme dan type ketahanan tanaman badan litbang pertanian. Follow these instructions to set the print quality of the pdf. By senior scientist henrik hasman national food institutedtu antibiotics. Virus infectivity an overview sciencedirect topics. Tipe ketahanan yang terbaik tergantung pada jenis tanaman, jenis hama, hasil panen, serta toleransi konsumen terhadap kerusakan oleh hama. It denotes presence of morphological or chemcial factor which alter insect behaviour resulting in poor establishment of the insect. S plants can respond to the any change in the surrounding environment and adapt themselves by modifying their morphological, anatomical, physiological or behavioural changes. Antibiosis definition of antibiosis by the free dictionary.
Antixenosis plant characteristics that lead insects away from host plant nonpreference. Host plant resistance hpr to insects is an effective, economical, and environment friendly method of pest control. Wait for the conversion process to finish and download files either one by one, using thumbnails, or in a zip archive. Up to 50% of all antibiotics prescribed are not needed or are not optimally effective as prescribed. Antibiotics and antiseptics for urinary tract infections rianto setiabudy s1 lecture, fmui regular class, june 24, 2008 internat. Apoptosis programmed cell death orderly cellular self destruction process. The first, antixenosis, is the inability for an insect pest to find and feed on the plant. Biological role of antioxidants to counter the harmful effects of free radicals,antioxidant defense mechanism operates to detoxify or scavenge these free radicals. Select the target conversion format, then upload up to 20 documents of supported input formats. Save powerpoint presentations as pdf files office support.
Plants that exhibit antixenotic resistance should have a reduced initial number of colonies early in the season. Instantly convert text documents, presentations, spreadsheets and images to pdf format with this free online pdf converter. Determining the hostplant resistance mechanisms for banded. Antibiotic resistancedefined as microorganisms that are notinhibited by usually achievable. Presence of dense covering of hairs or trichomes on the leavespods confers resistance to many insect species. Lecture 16 host plant resistance definition types and. But they may not feel like animals because they didnt have any nervous.
Behavioral manipulation methods 125 for effecting deliberate manipulation of a behavior, although it may occur in some instances as a sublethal effect of a toxic insecticide 65. Qtl mapping of antixenosis resistance to common cutworm plos. Most studies have focused on antibiosis, although pubescence in sugarcane can be important sosa, 1988. Pdf mechanisms of antixenosis, antibiosis, and tolerance. Kogan dan ortman 1978 mengajukan usulan perbaikan bahwa istilah non preferensi diganti dengan antixenosis, karena adanya reaksi serangga dan bukan sifat dari tanaman. Aphid resistance in medicago truncatula involves antixenosis and. May 31, 2014 mechanism of resistance in plant against orientation, feeding and oviposition of insect arvindkumar h1d slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. This chapter presents a brief coverage of a range of common plant allelochemical groups, and includes discussion of their structures, chemistry, distribution, ecology, bioactivity, biosynthesis, allelopathy, and mode of action where known.
To date, 29 major bph resistance genes have been identified from indica cultivars and wild rice species, and more than ten genes have been fine mapped to chromosome regions of less than 200 kb. Qtl mapping of antixenosis resistance to common cutworm. The most attractive feature of hpr is that farmers virtually do not need any. Importance of antixenosis and antibiosis resistance to the. Antixenosis to feeding nonglandular trichomes glandular trichomes leaf surface waxes thickness of cell well nutrient deficiency 12. Antixenosis and tolerance to diabrotica speciosa coleoptera. Reproduction and population dynamics as biotypic markers of. The russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia kurdjumov homoptera. Divyansh divyansh24 anonymous answered question march 24, 2019 3 answers activevotednewestoldest 0 dr. Finally, for several cultivars, also the leaf glucosinolate concentrations were analysed. Under print quality paper pdf, set the desired quality to an option of your choice. Adverse effects of resistance on arthropods biology resistance categories antixenosis antibiosis.
Recent progress on the genetics and molecular breeding of. Antibiosis and antixenosis resistance cause an insect response when the insect attempts to use the resistant plant for food, oviposition, or shelter. Reevaluating the conceptual framework for applied research on host. Antibiotic resistance the concentration of drug at the site ofinfection must inhibit the organism and alsoremain below the level that is toxic to humancells. A plants resistancemay be caused by one or more of these factors. Pdf levels of tolerance, antibiosis, and antixenosis. A field trial with both antibiosis and antixenosis tests was done to verify results under natural conditions. Antixenosis adalah bekerjanya mekanisme ketahanan oleh tanaman untuk menjerakan atau mereduksi kolonisasi oleh serangga.
The third category of resistance is termed tolerance, and is described by the plants ability to tolerate insect attack. Host plant characters responsible for nonpreference of the insects for shelter, oviposition. Pdf the aim of present research was to establish the role of epicuticular wax content in eight cabbage genotypes four white hybrids and one. Although antibiosis and antixenosis resistance result in reduced. The use of antibiotics is the single most important factor leading to antibiotic resistance. Thus, tolerance resistance differs from antibiosis and antixenosis resistance in how it affects the insectplant relationship.
A set of 202 rils were developed from an f 2 population derived from a cross between g. Tolerance is measured as the plants ability to survive and thrive in spite of insect infestation. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Thus, insect behavior generally is manipulated through inputs to the behavior and more speci. This arthropod is difficult to manage with pesticides or biological control agents due to the aphids ability to seek shelter in rolled leaves and also to develop virulent biotypes. Several physiochemical characteristics contribute to insect resistance in grain legumes clement et al.
Antixenosis for soybean aphids has been observed in some forms of resistance currently. Convert and create pdf from various types of files like word doc, excel xls, powerpoint ppt. Hospital antibiotic policy to curb the common misuse and overuse of antibiotics restricts the occurrence of antibacterial resistance among the hospital strains controls the spread of such infections to susceptible and critically ill patients in the hospital and the subsequent infection into. Ppt host plant resistance powerpoint presentation free to.
A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Nonglandular trichomes trichomes affect locomotion, attachment, shelter, feeding, digestion and oviposition of insect and the effect depends on density, length and shape of trichomes. Alternatives to chemical control of insect pests 173 2. In the powerpoint preferences dialog box, click general. Biological control example of this process, called antibiosis, is provided by marigold tagetes species roots, which release terthienyls, chemicals that are toxic to several species of nematodes and fungi. Host plant resistance development of ecourse for b. Umumnya serangga berorientasi sendiri terhadap tanaman untuk makanan, tempat meletakkan telur, dan atau tempat. You will have access to both the presentation and article if available. Antixenosis antixenosis adalah bekerjanya mekanisme ketahanan oleh tanaman untuk menjerakan atau mereduksi kolonisasi oleh serangga. Antixenosis plant characteristics that lead insects away from host plant non preference. Jun 14, 2016 brown planthopper bph is the most devastating pest of rice. Plant resistance is achieved through three general mechanisms.